{"id":17871,"date":"2025-03-09T16:30:42","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T15:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aassdn.org\/amicale\/?p=17871"},"modified":"2025-03-22T21:56:45","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T20:56:45","slug":"80eme-anniversaire-du-9-mars-1945-les-japonais-s-emparent-de-l-indochine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aassdn.org\/amicale\/80eme-anniversaire-du-9-mars-1945-les-japonais-s-emparent-de-l-indochine\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoire. Le coup fatal de l\u2019attaque japonaise du 9 mars 1945 : la fin de l\u2019Indochine fran\u00e7aise"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dans un contexte de repli face aux Alli\u00e9s, le Japon d\u00e9cide, le 9 mars 1945, d\u2019\u00e9vincer brutalement les forces fran\u00e7aises encore pr\u00e9sentes en Indochine. Cette offensive marque un tournant d\u00e9cisif dans l\u2019histoire de la colonisation fran\u00e7aise en Asie du Sud-Est. Entre massacres, internements et bouleversements g\u00e9opolitiques, cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement pr\u00e9cipite la fin de la domination coloniale fran\u00e7aise et ouvre la voie \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e du nationalisme vietnamien.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La France \u00e9vinc\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les Japonais, en guerre contre la Chine, ont profit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9faite de la France<\/a> face \u00e0 Hitler pour occuper l’Indochine fran\u00e7aise. Le 25 septembre 1940, ils soumettent les troupes fran\u00e7aises d’Indochine mais laissent en place l’administration coloniale et le gouverneur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral nomm\u00e9 par le gouvernement de Vichy, l’amiral Jean Decoux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celui-ci maintient vaille que vaille la pr\u00e9sence fran\u00e7aise dans cette colonie du bout du monde et pr\u00e9serve la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de ses habitants, cependant que l’occupant met l’Indochine en coupe r\u00e9gl\u00e9e et exploite le caoutchouc naturel (15% des exportations mondiales en 1939).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers le chaos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cinq ans plus tard, repouss\u00e9s de partout par la contre-offensive am\u00e9ricaine, les Japonais craignent que des Fran\u00e7ais venus de la m\u00e9tropole ne tentent de les chasser aussi du r\u00e9duit indochinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est ainsi que le 9 mars 1945, ils attaquent avec brutalit\u00e9 les garnisons fran\u00e7aises encore pr\u00e9sentes sur place. On ne compte pas moins de 2 650 morts parmi les Fran\u00e7ais,<\/strong> dont le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00c9mile Lemonnier commandant de la 13e<\/sup>  brigade de Lang Son. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral a refus\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises de signer une capitulation sans conditions. Il est d\u00e9capit\u00e9 au sabre le 10 mars (\u00e0 Paris, l’avenue situ\u00e9e entre le Louvre et les Tuileries honore sa m\u00e9moire).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 000 prisonniers rejoignent les camps de la mort, dont celui de Hoa-Binh. Parmi les 19 000 civils fran\u00e7ais, 3 000 sont aussi intern\u00e9s et parfois tortur\u00e9s. Les autres sont astreints \u00e0 r\u00e9sidence forc\u00e9e sous la f\u00e9rule de la Kempeitai<\/em> (la police politique de l’arm\u00e9e imp\u00e9riale nippone).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, le leader communiste-nationaliste H\u00f4 Chi Minh<\/a> d\u00e9nonce la tutelle japonaise le 10 ao\u00fbt 1945 et proclame l’ind\u00e9pendance de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Vi\u00eat-Nam (.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le m\u00eame temps, comme pour ajouter \u00e0 la confusion qui r\u00e8gne sur le terrain, les Alli\u00e9s r\u00e9unis \u00e0 Potsdam<\/a> projettent de couper en deux la p\u00e9ninsule indochinoise suivant le 16e<\/sup> parall\u00e8le. Le maintien de l’ordre reviendrait au nord de cette ligne aux Chinois nationalistes de Tchang Kai-chek<\/a>, au sud aux Britanniques !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une tentative de reconqu\u00eate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Charles de Gaulle<\/a>, qui dirige le gouvernement provisoire de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise, met tout en \u0153uvre pour restaurer la souverainet\u00e9 de la France sur ses colonies d’outre-mer. Il veut effacer le souvenir de la d\u00e9faite de 1940<\/a> et restaurer en tous lieux la grandeur de son pays. Il veut aussi couper court \u00e0 d’autres tentatives ind\u00e9pendantistes au sein de l’Empire colonial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e8s le 24 mars 1945, il d\u00e9clare son intention de constituer en Indochine une f\u00e9d\u00e9ration de colonies et de protectorats qui comprendrait les trois provinces du Vi\u00eat-Nam (les trois Ky<\/em> : Tonkin, Annam et Cochinchine) ainsi que le Cambodge et le Laos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des soldats fran\u00e7ais sous les ordres du lieutenant-colonel Jacques Massu s’emparent le 23 septembre de Saigon, capitale de la Cochinchine (le Vi\u00eat-Nam du sud). Leur entreprise est facilit\u00e9e par la capitulation officielle du Japon<\/a> trois semaines plus t\u00f4t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelques jours plus tard arrive un corps exp\u00e9ditionnaire sous les ordres du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc de Hauteclocque<\/a>, h\u00e9ros de la Lib\u00e9ration nomm\u00e9 par de Gaulle commandant en chef des troupes d’Extr\u00eame-Orient, sous les ordres de l’amiral Georges Thierry d’Argenlieu, gouverneur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d’Indochine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 sa mani\u00e8re audacieuse, Leclerc chasse Japonais et Chinois du Vietnam et du Cambodge. Il fait une entr\u00e9e triomphale \u00e0 Hano\u00ef le 18 mars 1946.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Site H\u00e9rodote<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source photo : SiteH\u00e9rodote<\/em>
<\/a>

<\/p>\n

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Dans un contexte de repli face aux Alli\u00e9s, le Japon d\u00e9cide, le 9 mars 1945, d\u2019\u00e9vincer brutalement les forces fran\u00e7aises encore pr\u00e9sentes en Indochine. Cette offensive marque un tournant d\u00e9cisif dans l\u2019histoire de la colonisation fran\u00e7aise en Asie du Sud-Est. Entre massacres, internements et bouleversements g\u00e9opolitiques, cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement pr\u00e9cipite la fin de la domination coloniale […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":17872,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[84,278,130,86],"tags":[205,362,2776,2276,3239,465,4625,4599,938,385,241,295,346,327,2502,524,4598,2778,4626,419,1231,2129,339,497,4596,4621,734,617,671,1229,460,666,4597],"class_list":["post-17871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1945-1954","category-actualites","category-asie-centrale","category-1946-1954-guerre-dindochine","tag-adolf-hitler","tag-allies","tag-asie-du-sud-est","tag-capitulation","tag-colonies","tag-colonisation","tag-colonisation-francaise","tag-domination-coloniale","tag-france","tag-fusion","tag-general-de-gaulle","tag-geopolitique","tag-guerre","tag-histoire","tag-independance","tag-indochine","tag-internement","tag-japon","tag-lib","tag-liberation","tag-massacre","tag-massacres","tag-memoire","tag-metropole","tag-nationalisme","tag-nationalisme-vietnamien","tag-ordre","tag-prison","tag-prisonnier","tag-prisonniers","tag-troupes","tag-vichy","tag-vietnam"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n80\u00e8me anniversaire du 9 mars 1945 : Les Japonais s'emparent de l'Indochine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le 9 mars 1945, les Japonais attaquent les garnisons fran\u00e7aises d'Indochine. 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